Address code review feedback - improve error handling and add clarifying comments

Co-authored-by: samanhappy <2755122+samanhappy@users.noreply.github.com>
Add example configuration file and fix linting issue
2025-12-24 10:49:35 -05:00 · 2025-10-31 15:25:04 +00:00 · 2025-10-31 15:22:11 +00:00 · 2025-10-31 15:19:04 +00:00 · 2025-10-31 15:15:12 +00:00 · 2025-10-31 15:00:55 +00:00
24 changed files with 1497 additions and 250 deletions
--- a/22
+++ b/22
@@ -9,9 +9,25 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y curl gnupg git \

 RUN npm install -g pnpm

-ENV PNPM_HOME=/usr/local/share/pnpm
-ENV PATH=$PNPM_HOME:$PATH
-RUN mkdir -p $PNPM_HOME && \
+ENV MCP_DATA_DIR=/app/data
+ENV MCP_SERVERS_DIR=$MCP_DATA_DIR/servers
+ENV MCP_NPM_DIR=$MCP_SERVERS_DIR/npm
+ENV MCP_PYTHON_DIR=$MCP_SERVERS_DIR/python
+ENV PNPM_HOME=$MCP_DATA_DIR/pnpm
+ENV NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX=$MCP_DATA_DIR/npm-global
+ENV NPM_CONFIG_CACHE=$MCP_DATA_DIR/npm-cache
+ENV UV_TOOL_DIR=$MCP_DATA_DIR/uv/tools
+ENV UV_CACHE_DIR=$MCP_DATA_DIR/uv/cache
+ENV PATH=$PNPM_HOME:$NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX/bin:$UV_TOOL_DIR/bin:$PATH
+RUN mkdir -p \
+  $PNPM_HOME \
+  $NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX/bin \
+  $NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX/lib/node_modules \
+  $NPM_CONFIG_CACHE \
+  $UV_TOOL_DIR \
+  $UV_CACHE_DIR \
+  $MCP_NPM_DIR \
+  $MCP_PYTHON_DIR && \
  pnpm add -g @amap/amap-maps-mcp-server @playwright/mcp@latest tavily-mcp@latest @modelcontextprotocol/server-github @modelcontextprotocol/server-slack

 ARG INSTALL_EXT=false
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -98,6 +98,34 @@ Manual registration example:

 For manual providers, create the OAuth App in the upstream console, set the redirect URI to `http://localhost:3000/oauth/callback` (or your deployed domain), and then plug the credentials into the dashboard or config file.

+#### Connection Modes (Optional)
+
+MCPHub supports two connection strategies:
+
+- **`persistent` (default)**: Maintains long-running connections for stateful servers
+- **`on-demand`**: Connects only when needed, ideal for ephemeral servers that exit after operations
+
+Example for one-time use servers:
+
+```json
+{
+  "mcpServers": {
+    "pdf-reader": {
+      "command": "npx",
+      "args": ["-y", "pdf-mcp-server"],
+      "connectionMode": "on-demand"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Use `on-demand` mode for servers that:
+- Don't support long-running connections
+- Exit automatically after handling requests
+- Experience "Connection closed" errors
+
+See the [Configuration Guide](docs/configuration/mcp-settings.mdx) for more details.
+
 ### Docker Deployment

 **Recommended**: Mount your custom config:
--- a/docs/configuration/mcp-settings.mdx
+++ b/docs/configuration/mcp-settings.mdx
@@ -72,9 +72,13 @@ MCPHub uses several configuration files:

 ### Optional Fields

-| Field          | Type    | Default         | Description                 |
-| -------------- | ------- | --------------- | --------------------------- |
-| `env`          | object  | `{}`            | Environment variables       |
+| Field            | Type    | Default         | Description                                                           |
+| ---------------- | ------- | --------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `env`            | object  | `{}`            | Environment variables                                                 |
+| `connectionMode` | string  | `"persistent"`  | Connection strategy: `"persistent"` or `"on-demand"`                  |
+| `enabled`        | boolean | `true`          | Enable/disable the server                                             |
+| `keepAliveInterval` | number | `60000`      | Keep-alive ping interval for SSE connections (milliseconds)           |
+| `options`        | object  | `{}`            | MCP request options (timeout, resetTimeoutOnProgress, maxTotalTimeout)|

 ## Common MCP Server Examples

@@ -238,6 +242,68 @@ MCPHub uses several configuration files:
 }
 ```

+## Connection Modes
+
+MCPHub supports two connection strategies for MCP servers:
+
+### Persistent Connection (Default)
+
+Persistent mode maintains a long-running connection to the MCP server. This is the default and recommended mode for most servers.
+
+**Use cases:**
+- Servers that maintain state between requests
+- Servers with slow startup times
+- Servers designed for long-running connections
+
+**Example:**
+```json
+{
+  "github": {
+    "command": "npx",
+    "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-github"],
+    "connectionMode": "persistent",
+    "env": {
+      "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_TOKEN}"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### On-Demand Connection
+
+On-demand mode connects only when a tool is invoked, then disconnects immediately after. This is ideal for servers that:
+- Don't support long-running connections
+- Are designed for one-time use
+- Exit automatically after handling requests
+
+**Use cases:**
+- PDF processing tools that exit after each operation
+- One-time command-line utilities
+- Servers with connection stability issues
+- Resource-intensive servers that shouldn't run continuously
+
+**Example:**
+```json
+{
+  "pdf-reader": {
+    "command": "npx",
+    "args": ["-y", "pdf-mcp-server"],
+    "connectionMode": "on-demand",
+    "env": {
+      "PDF_CACHE_DIR": "/tmp/pdf-cache"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**Benefits of on-demand mode:**
+- Avoids "Connection closed" errors for ephemeral services
+- Reduces resource usage for infrequently used tools
+- Better suited for stateless operations
+- Handles servers that automatically exit after operations
+
+**Note:** On-demand servers briefly connect during initialization to discover available tools, then disconnect. The connection is re-established only when a tool from that server is actually invoked.
+
 ## Advanced Configuration

 ### Environment Variable Substitution
--- a/entrypoint.sh
+++ b/entrypoint.sh
@@ -1,5 +1,27 @@
 #!/bin/bash

+DATA_DIR=${MCP_DATA_DIR:-/app/data}
+SERVERS_DIR=${MCP_SERVERS_DIR:-$DATA_DIR/servers}
+NPM_SERVER_DIR=${MCP_NPM_DIR:-$SERVERS_DIR/npm}
+PYTHON_SERVER_DIR=${MCP_PYTHON_DIR:-$SERVERS_DIR/python}
+PNPM_HOME=${PNPM_HOME:-$DATA_DIR/pnpm}
+NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX=${NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX:-$DATA_DIR/npm-global}
+NPM_CONFIG_CACHE=${NPM_CONFIG_CACHE:-$DATA_DIR/npm-cache}
+UV_TOOL_DIR=${UV_TOOL_DIR:-$DATA_DIR/uv/tools}
+UV_CACHE_DIR=${UV_CACHE_DIR:-$DATA_DIR/uv/cache}
+
+mkdir -p \
+  "$PNPM_HOME" \
+  "$NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX/bin" \
+  "$NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX/lib/node_modules" \
+  "$NPM_CONFIG_CACHE" \
+  "$UV_TOOL_DIR" \
+  "$UV_CACHE_DIR" \
+  "$NPM_SERVER_DIR" \
+  "$PYTHON_SERVER_DIR"
+
+export PATH="$PNPM_HOME:$NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX/bin:$UV_TOOL_DIR/bin:$PATH"
+
 NPM_REGISTRY=${NPM_REGISTRY:-https://registry.npmjs.org/}
 echo "Setting npm registry to ${NPM_REGISTRY}"
 npm config set registry "$NPM_REGISTRY"
--- a/examples/mcp_settings_with_connection_modes.json
+++ b/examples/mcp_settings_with_connection_modes.json
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema",
+  "description": "Example MCP settings showing different connection modes",
+  "mcpServers": {
+    "github": {
+      "command": "npx",
+      "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-github"],
+      "connectionMode": "persistent",
+      "env": {
+        "GITHUB_PERSONAL_ACCESS_TOKEN": "${GITHUB_TOKEN}"
+      },
+      "enabled": true
+    },
+    "playwright": {
+      "command": "npx",
+      "args": ["@playwright/mcp@latest", "--headless"],
+      "connectionMode": "persistent",
+      "enabled": true
+    },
+    "pdf-reader": {
+      "command": "npx",
+      "args": ["-y", "pdf-mcp-server"],
+      "connectionMode": "on-demand",
+      "env": {
+        "PDF_CACHE_DIR": "/tmp/pdf-cache"
+      },
+      "enabled": true
+    },
+    "image-processor": {
+      "command": "python",
+      "args": ["-m", "image_mcp_server"],
+      "connectionMode": "on-demand",
+      "env": {
+        "IMAGE_OUTPUT_DIR": "/tmp/images"
+      },
+      "enabled": true
+    },
+    "fetch": {
+      "command": "uvx",
+      "args": ["mcp-server-fetch"],
+      "enabled": true
+    },
+    "slack": {
+      "command": "npx",
+      "args": ["-y", "@modelcontextprotocol/server-slack"],
+      "connectionMode": "persistent",
+      "env": {
+        "SLACK_BOT_TOKEN": "${SLACK_BOT_TOKEN}",
+        "SLACK_TEAM_ID": "${SLACK_TEAM_ID}"
+      },
+      "enabled": true
+    }
+  },
+  "users": [
+    {
+      "username": "admin",
+      "password": "$2b$10$Vt7krIvjNgyN67LXqly0uOcTpN0LI55cYRbcKC71pUDAP0nJ7RPa.",
+      "isAdmin": true
+    }
+  ]
+}
--- a/frontend/src/components/MarketServerDetail.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/MarketServerDetail.tsx
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ const MarketServerDetail: React.FC<MarketServerDetailProps> = ({
  onBack,
  onInstall,
  installing = false,
-  isInstalled = false
+  isInstalled = false,
 }) => {
  const { t } = useTranslation();
  const [modalVisible, setModalVisible] = useState(false);
@@ -32,21 +32,23 @@ const MarketServerDetail: React.FC<MarketServerDetailProps> = ({
  const getButtonProps = () => {
    if (isInstalled) {
      return {
-        className: "bg-green-600 cursor-default px-4 py-2 rounded text-sm font-medium text-white",
+        className: 'bg-green-600 cursor-default px-4 py-2 rounded text-sm font-medium text-white',
        disabled: true,
-        text: t('market.installed')
+        text: t('market.installed'),
      };
    } else if (installing) {
      return {
-        className: "bg-gray-400 cursor-not-allowed px-4 py-2 rounded text-sm font-medium text-white",
+        className:
+          'bg-gray-400 cursor-not-allowed px-4 py-2 rounded text-sm font-medium text-white',
        disabled: true,
-        text: t('market.installing')
+        text: t('market.installing'),
      };
    } else {
      return {
-        className: "bg-blue-600 hover:bg-blue-700 px-4 py-2 rounded text-sm font-medium text-white btn-primary",
+        className:
+          'bg-blue-600 hover:bg-blue-700 px-4 py-2 rounded text-sm font-medium text-white btn-primary',
        disabled: false,
-        text: t('market.install')
+        text: t('market.install'),
      };
    }
  };
@@ -133,12 +135,18 @@ const MarketServerDetail: React.FC<MarketServerDetailProps> = ({
  return (
    <div className="bg-white rounded-lg shadow-md p-6">
      <div className="mb-4">
-        <button
-          onClick={onBack}
-          className="text-gray-600 hover:text-gray-900 flex items-center"
-        >
-          <svg className="h-5 w-5 mr-1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor">
-            <path fillRule="evenodd" d="M9.707 16.707a1 1 0 01-1.414 0l-6-6a1 1 0 010-1.414l6-6a1 1 0 011.414 1.414L5.414 9H17a1 1 0 110 2H5.414l4.293 4.293a1 1 0 010 1.414z" clipRule="evenodd" />
+        <button onClick={onBack} className="text-gray-600 hover:text-gray-900 flex items-center">
+          <svg
+            className="h-5 w-5 mr-1"
+            xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
+            viewBox="0 0 20 20"
+            fill="currentColor"
+          >
+            <path
+              fillRule="evenodd"
+              d="M9.707 16.707a1 1 0 01-1.414 0l-6-6a1 1 0 010-1.414l6-6a1 1 0 011.414 1.414L5.414 9H17a1 1 0 110 2H5.414l4.293 4.293a1 1 0 010 1.414z"
+              clipRule="evenodd"
+            />
          </svg>
          {t('market.backToList')}
        </button>
@@ -150,7 +158,8 @@ const MarketServerDetail: React.FC<MarketServerDetailProps> = ({
            {server.display_name}
            <span className="text-sm font-normal text-gray-500 ml-2">({server.name})</span>
            <span className="text-sm font-normal text-gray-600 ml-4">
-              {t('market.author')}: {server.author.name} • {t('market.license')}: {server.license} •
+              {t('market.author')}: {server.author?.name || t('market.unknown')} •{' '}
+              {t('market.license')}: {server.license} •
              <a
                href={server.repository.url}
                target="_blank"
@@ -182,18 +191,24 @@ const MarketServerDetail: React.FC<MarketServerDetailProps> = ({
      <p className="text-gray-700 mb-6">{server.description}</p>

      <div className="mb-6">
-        <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">{t('market.categories')} & {t('market.tags')}</h3>
+        <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold mb-3">
+          {t('market.categories')} & {t('market.tags')}
+        </h3>
        <div className="flex flex-wrap gap-2">
          {server.categories?.map((category, index) => (
            <span key={`cat-${index}`} className="bg-gray-100 text-gray-800 px-3 py-1 rounded">
              {category}
            </span>
          ))}
-          {server.tags && server.tags.map((tag, index) => (
-            <span key={`tag-${index}`} className="bg-gray-100 text-green-700 px-2 py-1 rounded text-sm">
-              #{tag}
-            </span>
-          ))}
+          {server.tags &&
+            server.tags.map((tag, index) => (
+              <span
+                key={`tag-${index}`}
+                className="bg-gray-100 text-green-700 px-2 py-1 rounded text-sm"
+              >
+                #{tag}
+              </span>
+            ))}
        </div>
      </div>

@@ -224,9 +239,7 @@ const MarketServerDetail: React.FC<MarketServerDetailProps> = ({
                    <td className="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm font-medium text-gray-900">
                      {name}
                    </td>
-                    <td className="px-6 py-4 text-sm text-gray-500">
-                      {arg.description}
-                    </td>
+                    <td className="px-6 py-4 text-sm text-gray-500">{arg.description}</td>
                    <td className="px-6 py-4 whitespace-nowrap text-sm text-gray-500">
                      {arg.required ? (
                        <span className="text-green-600">✓</span>
@@ -268,7 +281,10 @@ const MarketServerDetail: React.FC<MarketServerDetailProps> = ({
              </h4>
              <p className="text-gray-600 mb-2">{tool.description}</p>
              <div className="mt-2">
-                <pre id={`schema-${index}`} className="hidden bg-gray-50 p-3 rounded text-sm overflow-auto mt-2">
+                <pre
+                  id={`schema-${index}`}
+                  className="hidden bg-gray-50 p-3 rounded text-sm overflow-auto mt-2"
+                >
                  {JSON.stringify(tool.inputSchema, null, 2)}
                </pre>
              </div>
@@ -285,9 +301,7 @@ const MarketServerDetail: React.FC<MarketServerDetailProps> = ({
              <div key={index} className="border border-gray-200 rounded p-4">
                <h4 className="font-medium mb-2">{example.title}</h4>
                <p className="text-gray-600 mb-2">{example.description}</p>
-                <pre className="bg-gray-50 p-3 rounded text-sm overflow-auto">
-                  {example.prompt}
-                </pre>
+                <pre className="bg-gray-50 p-3 rounded text-sm overflow-auto">{example.prompt}</pre>
              </div>
            ))}
          </div>
@@ -316,11 +330,11 @@ const MarketServerDetail: React.FC<MarketServerDetailProps> = ({
              status: 'disconnected',
              config: preferredInstallation
                ? {
-                  command: preferredInstallation.command || '',
-                  args: preferredInstallation.args || [],
-                  env: preferredInstallation.env || {}
-                }
-                : undefined
+                    command: preferredInstallation.command || '',
+                    args: preferredInstallation.args || [],
+                    env: preferredInstallation.env || {},
+                  }
+                : undefined,
            }}
          />
        </div>
@@ -332,14 +346,16 @@ const MarketServerDetail: React.FC<MarketServerDetailProps> = ({
            <h3 className="text-lg font-semibold text-gray-900 mb-4">
              {t('server.confirmVariables')}
            </h3>
-            <p className="text-gray-600 mb-4">
-              {t('server.variablesDetected')}
-            </p>
+            <p className="text-gray-600 mb-4">{t('server.variablesDetected')}</p>
            <div className="bg-yellow-50 border border-yellow-200 rounded p-3 mb-4">
              <div className="flex items-start">
                <div className="flex-shrink-0">
                  <svg className="h-5 w-5 text-yellow-400" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="currentColor">
-                    <path fillRule="evenodd" d="M8.257 3.099c.765-1.36 2.722-1.36 3.486 0l5.58 9.92c.75 1.334-.213 2.98-1.742 2.98H4.42c-1.53 0-2.493-1.646-1.743-2.98l5.58-9.92zM11 13a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-1-8a1 1 0 00-1 1v3a1 1 0 002 0V6a1 1 0 00-1-1z" clipRule="evenodd" />
+                    <path
+                      fillRule="evenodd"
+                      d="M8.257 3.099c.765-1.36 2.722-1.36 3.486 0l5.58 9.92c.75 1.334-.213 2.98-1.742 2.98H4.42c-1.53 0-2.493-1.646-1.743-2.98l5.58-9.92zM11 13a1 1 0 11-2 0 1 1 0 012 0zm-1-8a1 1 0 00-1 1v3a1 1 0 002 0V6a1 1 0 00-1-1z"
+                      clipRule="evenodd"
+                    />
                  </svg>
                </div>
                <div className="ml-3">
@@ -356,14 +372,12 @@ const MarketServerDetail: React.FC<MarketServerDetailProps> = ({
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
-            <p className="text-gray-600 text-sm mb-6">
-              {t('market.confirmVariablesMessage')}
-            </p>
+            <p className="text-gray-600 text-sm mb-6">{t('market.confirmVariablesMessage')}</p>
            <div className="flex justify-end space-x-3">
              <button
                onClick={() => {
-                  setConfirmationVisible(false)
-                  setPendingPayload(null)
+                  setConfirmationVisible(false);
+                  setPendingPayload(null);
                }}
                className="px-4 py-2 text-gray-600 border border-gray-300 rounded hover:bg-gray-50 btn-secondary"
              >
--- a/frontend/src/hooks/useCloudData.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/hooks/useCloudData.ts
@@ -287,9 +287,13 @@ export const useCloudData = () => {
  const callServerTool = useCallback(
    async (serverName: string, toolName: string, args: Record<string, any>) => {
      try {
-        const data = await apiPost(`/cloud/servers/${serverName}/tools/${toolName}/call`, {
-          arguments: args,
-        });
+        // URL-encode server and tool names to handle slashes (e.g., "com.atlassian/atlassian-mcp-server")
+        const data = await apiPost(
+          `/cloud/servers/${encodeURIComponent(serverName)}/tools/${encodeURIComponent(toolName)}/call`,
+          {
+            arguments: args,
+          },
+        );

        if (data && data.success) {
          return data.data;
--- a/frontend/src/services/promptService.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/services/promptService.ts
@@ -59,8 +59,9 @@ export const getPrompt = async (
  server?: string,
 ): Promise<GetPromptResult> => {
  try {
+    // URL-encode server and prompt names to handle slashes (e.g., "com.atlassian/atlassian-mcp-server")
    const response = await apiPost(
-      `/mcp/${server}/prompts/${encodeURIComponent(request.promptName)}`,
+      `/mcp/${encodeURIComponent(server || '')}/prompts/${encodeURIComponent(request.promptName)}`,
      {
        name: request.promptName,
        arguments: request.arguments,
@@ -94,9 +95,13 @@ export const togglePrompt = async (
  enabled: boolean,
 ): Promise<{ success: boolean; error?: string }> => {
  try {
-    const response = await apiPost<any>(`/servers/${serverName}/prompts/${promptName}/toggle`, {
-      enabled,
-    });
+    // URL-encode server and prompt names to handle slashes (e.g., "com.atlassian/atlassian-mcp-server")
+    const response = await apiPost<any>(
+      `/servers/${encodeURIComponent(serverName)}/prompts/${encodeURIComponent(promptName)}/toggle`,
+      {
+        enabled,
+      },
+    );

    return {
      success: response.success,
@@ -120,8 +125,9 @@ export const updatePromptDescription = async (
  description: string,
 ): Promise<{ success: boolean; error?: string }> => {
  try {
+    // URL-encode server and prompt names to handle slashes (e.g., "com.atlassian/atlassian-mcp-server")
    const response = await apiPut<any>(
-      `/servers/${serverName}/prompts/${promptName}/description`,
+      `/servers/${encodeURIComponent(serverName)}/prompts/${encodeURIComponent(promptName)}/description`,
      { description },
      {
        headers: {
--- a/frontend/src/services/toolService.ts
+++ b/frontend/src/services/toolService.ts
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@ export const callTool = async (
 ): Promise<ToolCallResult> => {
  try {
    // Construct the URL with optional server parameter
-    const url = server ? `/tools/${server}/${request.toolName}` : '/tools/call';
+    // URL-encode server and tool names to handle slashes in names (e.g., "com.atlassian/atlassian-mcp-server")
+    const url = server
+      ? `/tools/${encodeURIComponent(server)}/${encodeURIComponent(request.toolName)}`
+      : '/tools/call';

    const response = await apiPost<any>(url, request.arguments, {
      headers: {
@@ -62,8 +65,9 @@ export const toggleTool = async (
  enabled: boolean,
 ): Promise<{ success: boolean; error?: string }> => {
  try {
+    // URL-encode server and tool names to handle slashes (e.g., "com.atlassian/atlassian-mcp-server")
    const response = await apiPost<any>(
-      `/servers/${serverName}/tools/${toolName}/toggle`,
+      `/servers/${encodeURIComponent(serverName)}/tools/${encodeURIComponent(toolName)}/toggle`,
      { enabled },
      {
        headers: {
@@ -94,8 +98,9 @@ export const updateToolDescription = async (
  description: string,
 ): Promise<{ success: boolean; error?: string }> => {
  try {
+    // URL-encode server and tool names to handle slashes (e.g., "com.atlassian/atlassian-mcp-server")
    const response = await apiPut<any>(
-      `/servers/${serverName}/tools/${toolName}/description`,
+      `/servers/${encodeURIComponent(serverName)}/tools/${encodeURIComponent(toolName)}/description`,
      { description },
      {
        headers: {
--- a/src/controllers/cloudController.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/cloudController.ts
@@ -207,7 +207,8 @@ export const getCloudServersByTag = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise
 // Get tools for a specific cloud server
 export const getCloudServerToolsList = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> => {
  try {
-    const { serverName } = req.params;
+    // Decode URL-encoded parameter to handle slashes in server name
+    const serverName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.serverName);
    if (!serverName) {
      res.status(400).json({
        success: false,
@@ -236,7 +237,9 @@ export const getCloudServerToolsList = async (req: Request, res: Response): Prom
 // Call a tool on a cloud server
 export const callCloudTool = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> => {
  try {
-    const { serverName, toolName } = req.params;
+    // Decode URL-encoded parameters to handle slashes in server/tool names
+    const serverName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.serverName);
+    const toolName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.toolName);
    const { arguments: args } = req.body;

    if (!serverName) {
--- a/src/controllers/openApiController.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/openApiController.ts
@@ -8,82 +8,13 @@ import {
 import { getServerByName } from '../services/mcpService.js';
 import { getGroupByIdOrName } from '../services/groupService.js';
 import { getNameSeparator } from '../config/index.js';
+import { convertParametersToTypes } from '../utils/parameterConversion.js';

 /**
 * Controller for OpenAPI generation endpoints
 * Provides OpenAPI specifications for MCP tools to enable OpenWebUI integration
 */

-/**
- * Convert query parameters to their proper types based on the tool's input schema
- */
-function convertQueryParametersToTypes(
-  queryParams: Record<string, any>,
-  inputSchema: Record<string, any>,
-): Record<string, any> {
-  if (!inputSchema || typeof inputSchema !== 'object' || !inputSchema.properties) {
-    return queryParams;
-  }
-
-  const convertedParams: Record<string, any> = {};
-  const properties = inputSchema.properties;
-
-  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(queryParams)) {
-    const propDef = properties[key];
-    if (!propDef || typeof propDef !== 'object') {
-      // No schema definition found, keep as is
-      convertedParams[key] = value;
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    const propType = propDef.type;
-
-    try {
-      switch (propType) {
-        case 'integer':
-        case 'number':
-          // Convert string to number
-          if (typeof value === 'string') {
-            const numValue = propType === 'integer' ? parseInt(value, 10) : parseFloat(value);
-            convertedParams[key] = isNaN(numValue) ? value : numValue;
-          } else {
-            convertedParams[key] = value;
-          }
-          break;
-
-        case 'boolean':
-          // Convert string to boolean
-          if (typeof value === 'string') {
-            convertedParams[key] = value.toLowerCase() === 'true' || value === '1';
-          } else {
-            convertedParams[key] = value;
-          }
-          break;
-
-        case 'array':
-          // Handle array conversion if needed (e.g., comma-separated strings)
-          if (typeof value === 'string' && value.includes(',')) {
-            convertedParams[key] = value.split(',').map((item) => item.trim());
-          } else {
-            convertedParams[key] = value;
-          }
-          break;
-
-        default:
-          // For string and other types, keep as is
-          convertedParams[key] = value;
-          break;
-      }
-    } catch (error) {
-      // If conversion fails, keep the original value
-      console.warn(`Failed to convert parameter '${key}' to type '${propType}':`, error);
-      convertedParams[key] = value;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return convertedParams;
-}
-
 /**
 * Generate and return OpenAPI specification
 * GET /api/openapi.json
@@ -167,7 +98,9 @@ export const getOpenAPIStats = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void
 */
 export const executeToolViaOpenAPI = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> => {
  try {
-    const { serverName, toolName } = req.params;
+    // Decode URL-encoded parameters to handle slashes in server/tool names
+    const serverName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.serverName);
+    const toolName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.toolName);

    // Import handleCallToolRequest function
    const { handleCallToolRequest } = await import('../services/mcpService.js');
@@ -189,7 +122,7 @@ export const executeToolViaOpenAPI = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promis

    // Prepare arguments from query params (GET) or body (POST)
    let args = req.method === 'GET' ? req.query : req.body || {};
-    args = convertQueryParametersToTypes(args, inputSchema);
+    args = convertParametersToTypes(args, inputSchema);

    // Create a mock request structure that matches what handleCallToolRequest expects
    const mockRequest = {
--- a/src/controllers/promptController.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/promptController.ts
@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ import { handleGetPromptRequest } from '../services/mcpService.js';
 */
 export const getPrompt = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> => {
  try {
-    const { serverName, promptName } = req.params;
+    // Decode URL-encoded parameters to handle slashes in server/prompt names
+    const serverName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.serverName);
+    const promptName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.promptName);
    if (!serverName || !promptName) {
      res.status(400).json({
        success: false,
--- a/src/controllers/serverController.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/serverController.ts
@@ -375,7 +375,9 @@ export const toggleServer = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> =
 // Toggle tool status for a specific server
 export const toggleTool = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> => {
  try {
-    const { serverName, toolName } = req.params;
+    // Decode URL-encoded parameters to handle slashes in server/tool names
+    const serverName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.serverName);
+    const toolName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.toolName);
    const { enabled } = req.body;

    if (!serverName || !toolName) {
@@ -437,7 +439,9 @@ export const toggleTool = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> =>
 // Update tool description for a specific server
 export const updateToolDescription = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> => {
  try {
-    const { serverName, toolName } = req.params;
+    // Decode URL-encoded parameters to handle slashes in server/tool names
+    const serverName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.serverName);
+    const toolName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.toolName);
    const { description } = req.body;

    if (!serverName || !toolName) {
@@ -747,7 +751,9 @@ export const updateSystemConfig = (req: Request, res: Response): void => {
 // Toggle prompt status for a specific server
 export const togglePrompt = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> => {
  try {
-    const { serverName, promptName } = req.params;
+    // Decode URL-encoded parameters to handle slashes in server/prompt names
+    const serverName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.serverName);
+    const promptName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.promptName);
    const { enabled } = req.body;

    if (!serverName || !promptName) {
@@ -809,7 +815,9 @@ export const togglePrompt = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> =
 // Update prompt description for a specific server
 export const updatePromptDescription = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> => {
  try {
-    const { serverName, promptName } = req.params;
+    // Decode URL-encoded parameters to handle slashes in server/prompt names
+    const serverName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.serverName);
+    const promptName = decodeURIComponent(req.params.promptName);
    const { description } = req.body;

    if (!serverName || !promptName) {
--- a/src/controllers/toolController.ts
+++ b/src/controllers/toolController.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import { Request, Response } from 'express';
 import { ApiResponse } from '../types/index.js';
-import { handleCallToolRequest } from '../services/mcpService.js';
+import { handleCallToolRequest, getServerByName } from '../services/mcpService.js';
+import { convertParametersToTypes } from '../utils/parameterConversion.js';
+import { getNameSeparator } from '../config/index.js';

 /**
 * Interface for tool call request
@@ -47,13 +49,31 @@ export const callTool = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> => {
      return;
    }

+    // Get the server info to access the tool's input schema
+    const serverInfo = getServerByName(server);
+    let inputSchema: Record<string, any> = {};
+
+    if (serverInfo) {
+      // Find the tool in the server's tools list
+      const fullToolName = `${server}${getNameSeparator()}${toolName}`;
+      const tool = serverInfo.tools.find(
+        (t: any) => t.name === fullToolName || t.name === toolName,
+      );
+      if (tool && tool.inputSchema) {
+        inputSchema = tool.inputSchema as Record<string, any>;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Convert parameters to proper types based on the tool's input schema
+    const convertedArgs = convertParametersToTypes(toolArgs, inputSchema);
+
    // Create a mock request structure for handleCallToolRequest
    const mockRequest = {
      params: {
        name: 'call_tool',
        arguments: {
          toolName,
-          arguments: toolArgs,
+          arguments: convertedArgs,
        },
      },
    };
@@ -71,7 +91,7 @@ export const callTool = async (req: Request, res: Response): Promise<void> => {
      data: {
        content: result.content || [],
        toolName,
-        arguments: toolArgs,
+        arguments: convertedArgs,
      },
    };

--- a/src/server.ts
+++ b/src/server.ts
@@ -78,28 +78,28 @@ export class AppServer {
          console.log('MCP server initialized successfully');

          // Original routes (global and group-based)
-          this.app.get(`${this.basePath}/sse/:group?`, sseUserContextMiddleware, (req, res) =>
+          this.app.get(`${this.basePath}/sse/:group(.*)?`, sseUserContextMiddleware, (req, res) =>
            handleSseConnection(req, res),
          );
          this.app.post(`${this.basePath}/messages`, sseUserContextMiddleware, handleSseMessage);
          this.app.post(
-            `${this.basePath}/mcp/:group?`,
+            `${this.basePath}/mcp/:group(.*)?`,
            sseUserContextMiddleware,
            handleMcpPostRequest,
          );
          this.app.get(
-            `${this.basePath}/mcp/:group?`,
+            `${this.basePath}/mcp/:group(.*)?`,
            sseUserContextMiddleware,
            handleMcpOtherRequest,
          );
          this.app.delete(
-            `${this.basePath}/mcp/:group?`,
+            `${this.basePath}/mcp/:group(.*)?`,
            sseUserContextMiddleware,
            handleMcpOtherRequest,
          );

          // User-scoped routes with user context middleware
-          this.app.get(`${this.basePath}/:user/sse/:group?`, sseUserContextMiddleware, (req, res) =>
+          this.app.get(`${this.basePath}/:user/sse/:group(.*)?`, sseUserContextMiddleware, (req, res) =>
            handleSseConnection(req, res),
          );
          this.app.post(
@@ -108,17 +108,17 @@ export class AppServer {
            handleSseMessage,
          );
          this.app.post(
-            `${this.basePath}/:user/mcp/:group?`,
+            `${this.basePath}/:user/mcp/:group(.*)?`,
            sseUserContextMiddleware,
            handleMcpPostRequest,
          );
          this.app.get(
-            `${this.basePath}/:user/mcp/:group?`,
+            `${this.basePath}/:user/mcp/:group(.*)?`,
            sseUserContextMiddleware,
            handleMcpOtherRequest,
          );
          this.app.delete(
-            `${this.basePath}/:user/mcp/:group?`,
+            `${this.basePath}/:user/mcp/:group(.*)?`,
            sseUserContextMiddleware,
            handleMcpOtherRequest,
          );
--- a/src/services/mcpService.ts
+++ b/src/services/mcpService.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+import fs from 'fs';
 import os from 'os';
+import path from 'path';
 import { Server } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/index.js';
 import {
  CallToolRequestSchema,
@@ -31,6 +33,77 @@ const servers: { [sessionId: string]: Server } = {};

 const serverDao = getServerDao();

+const ensureDirExists = (dir: string | undefined): string => {
+  if (!dir) {
+    throw new Error('Directory path is undefined');
+  }
+  if (!fs.existsSync(dir)) {
+    fs.mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+  }
+  return dir;
+};
+
+const getDataRootDir = (): string => {
+  return ensureDirExists(process.env.MCP_DATA_DIR || path.join(process.cwd(), 'data'));
+};
+
+const getServersStorageRoot = (): string => {
+  return ensureDirExists(process.env.MCP_SERVERS_DIR || path.join(getDataRootDir(), 'servers'));
+};
+
+const getNpmBaseDir = (): string => {
+  return ensureDirExists(process.env.MCP_NPM_DIR || path.join(getServersStorageRoot(), 'npm'));
+};
+
+const getPythonBaseDir = (): string => {
+  return ensureDirExists(
+    process.env.MCP_PYTHON_DIR || path.join(getServersStorageRoot(), 'python'),
+  );
+};
+
+const getNpmCacheDir = (): string => {
+  return ensureDirExists(process.env.NPM_CONFIG_CACHE || path.join(getDataRootDir(), 'npm-cache'));
+};
+
+const getNpmPrefixDir = (): string => {
+  const dir = ensureDirExists(
+    process.env.NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX || path.join(getDataRootDir(), 'npm-global'),
+  );
+  ensureDirExists(path.join(dir, 'bin'));
+  ensureDirExists(path.join(dir, 'lib', 'node_modules'));
+  return dir;
+};
+
+const getUvCacheDir = (): string => {
+  return ensureDirExists(process.env.UV_CACHE_DIR || path.join(getDataRootDir(), 'uv', 'cache'));
+};
+
+const getUvToolDir = (): string => {
+  const dir = ensureDirExists(process.env.UV_TOOL_DIR || path.join(getDataRootDir(), 'uv', 'tools'));
+  ensureDirExists(path.join(dir, 'bin'));
+  return dir;
+};
+
+const getServerInstallDir = (serverName: string, kind: 'npm' | 'python'): string => {
+  const baseDir = kind === 'npm' ? getNpmBaseDir() : getPythonBaseDir();
+  return ensureDirExists(path.join(baseDir, serverName));
+};
+
+const prependToPath = (currentPath: string, dir: string): string => {
+  if (!dir) {
+    return currentPath;
+  }
+  const delimiter = path.delimiter;
+  const segments = currentPath ? currentPath.split(delimiter) : [];
+  if (segments.includes(dir)) {
+    return currentPath;
+  }
+  return currentPath ? `${dir}${delimiter}${currentPath}` : dir;
+};
+
+const NODE_COMMANDS = new Set(['npm', 'npx', 'pnpm', 'yarn', 'node', 'bun', 'bunx']);
+const PYTHON_COMMANDS = new Set(['uv', 'uvx', 'python', 'pip', 'pip3', 'pipx']);
+
 // Helper function to set up keep-alive ping for SSE connections
 const setupKeepAlive = (serverInfo: ServerInfo, serverConfig: ServerConfig): void => {
  // Only set up keep-alive for SSE connections
@@ -213,7 +286,7 @@ export const createTransportFromConfig = async (name: string, conf: ServerConfig
      ...(process.env as Record<string, string>),
      ...replaceEnvVars(conf.env || {}),
    };
-    env['PATH'] = expandEnvVars(process.env.PATH as string) || '';
+    env['PATH'] = expandEnvVars(env['PATH'] || process.env.PATH || '');

    const settings = loadSettings();
    // Add UV_DEFAULT_INDEX and npm_config_registry if needed
@@ -235,9 +308,52 @@ export const createTransportFromConfig = async (name: string, conf: ServerConfig
      env['npm_config_registry'] = settings.systemConfig.install.npmRegistry;
    }

+    // Ensure stdio servers use persistent directories under /app/data (or configured override)
+    let workingDirectory = os.homedir();
+    const commandLower = conf.command.toLowerCase();
+
+    if (NODE_COMMANDS.has(commandLower)) {
+      const serverDir = getServerInstallDir(name, 'npm');
+      workingDirectory = serverDir;
+
+      const npmCacheDir = getNpmCacheDir();
+      const npmPrefixDir = getNpmPrefixDir();
+
+      if (!env['npm_config_cache']) {
+        env['npm_config_cache'] = npmCacheDir;
+      }
+      if (!env['NPM_CONFIG_CACHE']) {
+        env['NPM_CONFIG_CACHE'] = env['npm_config_cache'];
+      }
+
+      if (!env['npm_config_prefix']) {
+        env['npm_config_prefix'] = npmPrefixDir;
+      }
+      if (!env['NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX']) {
+        env['NPM_CONFIG_PREFIX'] = env['npm_config_prefix'];
+      }
+
+      env['PATH'] = prependToPath(env['PATH'], path.join(env['npm_config_prefix'], 'bin'));
+    } else if (PYTHON_COMMANDS.has(commandLower)) {
+      const serverDir = getServerInstallDir(name, 'python');
+      workingDirectory = serverDir;
+
+      const uvCacheDir = getUvCacheDir();
+      const uvToolDir = getUvToolDir();
+
+      if (!env['UV_CACHE_DIR']) {
+        env['UV_CACHE_DIR'] = uvCacheDir;
+      }
+      if (!env['UV_TOOL_DIR']) {
+        env['UV_TOOL_DIR'] = uvToolDir;
+      }
+
+      env['PATH'] = prependToPath(env['PATH'], path.join(env['UV_TOOL_DIR'], 'bin'));
+    }
+
    // Expand environment variables in command
    transport = new StdioClientTransport({
-      cwd: os.homedir(),
+      cwd: workingDirectory,
      command: conf.command,
      args: replaceEnvVars(conf.args) as string[],
      env: env,
@@ -253,6 +369,118 @@ export const createTransportFromConfig = async (name: string, conf: ServerConfig
  return transport;
 };

+// Helper function to connect an on-demand server temporarily
+const connectOnDemandServer = async (serverInfo: ServerInfo): Promise<void> => {
+  if (!serverInfo.config) {
+    throw new Error(`Server configuration not found for on-demand server: ${serverInfo.name}`);
+  }
+
+  console.log(`Connecting on-demand server: ${serverInfo.name}`);
+  
+  // Create transport
+  const transport = await createTransportFromConfig(serverInfo.name, serverInfo.config);
+  
+  // Create client
+  const client = new Client(
+    {
+      name: `mcp-client-${serverInfo.name}`,
+      version: '1.0.0',
+    },
+    {
+      capabilities: {
+        prompts: {},
+        resources: {},
+        tools: {},
+      },
+    },
+  );
+
+  // Get request options from server configuration
+  const serverRequestOptions = serverInfo.config.options || {};
+  const requestOptions = {
+    timeout: serverRequestOptions.timeout || 60000,
+    resetTimeoutOnProgress: serverRequestOptions.resetTimeoutOnProgress || false,
+    maxTotalTimeout: serverRequestOptions.maxTotalTimeout,
+  };
+
+  // Connect the client
+  await client.connect(transport, requestOptions);
+
+  // Update server info with client and transport
+  serverInfo.client = client;
+  serverInfo.transport = transport;
+  serverInfo.options = requestOptions;
+  serverInfo.status = 'connected';
+
+  console.log(`Successfully connected on-demand server: ${serverInfo.name}`);
+
+  // List tools if not already loaded
+  if (serverInfo.tools.length === 0) {
+    const capabilities = client.getServerCapabilities();
+    if (capabilities?.tools) {
+      try {
+        const tools = await client.listTools({}, requestOptions);
+        serverInfo.tools = tools.tools.map((tool) => ({
+          name: `${serverInfo.name}${getNameSeparator()}${tool.name}`,
+          description: tool.description || '',
+          inputSchema: cleanInputSchema(tool.inputSchema || {}),
+        }));
+        // Save tools as vector embeddings for search
+        saveToolsAsVectorEmbeddings(serverInfo.name, serverInfo.tools);
+        console.log(`Loaded ${serverInfo.tools.length} tools for on-demand server: ${serverInfo.name}`);
+      } catch (error) {
+        console.warn(`Failed to list tools for on-demand server ${serverInfo.name}:`, error);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // List prompts if available
+    if (capabilities?.prompts) {
+      try {
+        const prompts = await client.listPrompts({}, requestOptions);
+        serverInfo.prompts = prompts.prompts.map((prompt) => ({
+          name: `${serverInfo.name}${getNameSeparator()}${prompt.name}`,
+          title: prompt.title,
+          description: prompt.description,
+          arguments: prompt.arguments,
+        }));
+        console.log(`Loaded ${serverInfo.prompts.length} prompts for on-demand server: ${serverInfo.name}`);
+      } catch (error) {
+        console.warn(`Failed to list prompts for on-demand server ${serverInfo.name}:`, error);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// Helper function to disconnect an on-demand server
+const disconnectOnDemandServer = (serverInfo: ServerInfo): void => {
+  if (serverInfo.connectionMode !== 'on-demand') {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  console.log(`Disconnecting on-demand server: ${serverInfo.name}`);
+
+  try {
+    if (serverInfo.client) {
+      serverInfo.client.close();
+      serverInfo.client = undefined;
+    }
+    if (serverInfo.transport) {
+      serverInfo.transport.close();
+      serverInfo.transport = undefined;
+    }
+    serverInfo.status = 'disconnected';
+    console.log(`Successfully disconnected on-demand server: ${serverInfo.name}`);
+  } catch (error) {
+    // Log disconnect errors but don't throw - this is cleanup code that shouldn't fail the request
+    // The connection is likely already closed if we get an error here
+    console.warn(`Error disconnecting on-demand server ${serverInfo.name}:`, error);
+    // Force status to disconnected even if cleanup had errors
+    serverInfo.status = 'disconnected';
+    serverInfo.client = undefined;
+    serverInfo.transport = undefined;
+  }
+};
+
 // Helper function to handle client.callTool with reconnection logic
 const callToolWithReconnect = async (
  serverInfo: ServerInfo,
@@ -413,7 +641,6 @@ export const initializeClientsFromSettings = async (
        continue;
      }

-      let transport;
      let openApiClient;
      if (expandedConf.type === 'openapi') {
        // Handle OpenAPI type servers
@@ -484,10 +711,43 @@ export const initializeClientsFromSettings = async (
          serverInfo.error = `Failed to initialize OpenAPI server: ${error}`;
          continue;
        }
-      } else {
-        transport = await createTransportFromConfig(name, expandedConf);
      }

+      // Handle on-demand connection mode servers
+      // These servers connect briefly to get tools list, then disconnect
+      const connectionMode = expandedConf.connectionMode || 'persistent';
+      if (connectionMode === 'on-demand') {
+        console.log(`Initializing on-demand server: ${name}`);
+        const serverInfo: ServerInfo = {
+          name,
+          owner: expandedConf.owner,
+          status: 'disconnected',
+          error: null,
+          tools: [],
+          prompts: [],
+          createTime: Date.now(),
+          enabled: expandedConf.enabled === undefined ? true : expandedConf.enabled,
+          connectionMode: 'on-demand',
+          config: expandedConf,
+        };
+        nextServerInfos.push(serverInfo);
+
+        // Connect briefly to get tools list, then disconnect
+        try {
+          await connectOnDemandServer(serverInfo);
+          console.log(`Successfully initialized on-demand server: ${name} with ${serverInfo.tools.length} tools`);
+          // Disconnect immediately after getting tools
+          disconnectOnDemandServer(serverInfo);
+        } catch (error) {
+          console.error(`Failed to initialize on-demand server ${name}:`, error);
+          serverInfo.error = `Failed to initialize: ${error}`;
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Create transport for persistent connection mode servers (not OpenAPI, already handled above)
+      const transport = await createTransportFromConfig(name, expandedConf);
+
      const client = new Client(
        {
          name: `mcp-client-${name}`,
@@ -528,6 +788,7 @@ export const initializeClientsFromSettings = async (
        transport,
        options: requestOptions,
        createTime: Date.now(),
+        connectionMode: connectionMode,
        config: expandedConf, // Store reference to expanded config
      };

@@ -895,8 +1156,11 @@ export const handleListToolsRequest = async (_: any, extra: any) => {
    const targetGroup = group?.startsWith('$smart/') ? group.substring(7) : undefined;
    
    // Get info about available servers, filtered by target group if specified
+    // Include both connected persistent servers and on-demand servers (even if disconnected)
    let availableServers = serverInfos.filter(
-      (server) => server.status === 'connected' && server.enabled !== false,
+      (server) => 
+        server.enabled !== false && 
+        (server.status === 'connected' || server.connectionMode === 'on-demand'),
    );
    
    // If a target group is specified, filter servers to only those in the group
@@ -1023,6 +1287,10 @@ Available servers: ${serversList}`,
 export const handleCallToolRequest = async (request: any, extra: any) => {
  console.log(`Handling CallToolRequest for tool: ${JSON.stringify(request.params)}`);
  try {
+    // Note: On-demand server connection and disconnection are handled in the specific
+    // code paths below (call_tool and regular tool handling) with try-finally blocks.
+    // This outer try-catch only handles errors from operations that don't connect servers.
+    
    // Special handling for agent group tools
    if (request.params.name === 'search_tools') {
      const { query, limit = 10 } = request.params.arguments || {};
@@ -1168,10 +1436,11 @@ export const handleCallToolRequest = async (request: any, extra: any) => {
        targetServerInfo = getServerByName(extra.server);
      } else {
        // Find the first server that has this tool
+        // Include both connected servers and on-demand servers (even if disconnected)
        targetServerInfo = serverInfos.find(
          (serverInfo) =>
-            serverInfo.status === 'connected' &&
            serverInfo.enabled !== false &&
+            (serverInfo.status === 'connected' || serverInfo.connectionMode === 'on-demand') &&
            serverInfo.tools.some((tool) => tool.name === toolName),
        );
      }
@@ -1247,6 +1516,11 @@ export const handleCallToolRequest = async (request: any, extra: any) => {
      }

      // Call the tool on the target server (MCP servers)
+      // Connect on-demand server if needed
+      if (targetServerInfo.connectionMode === 'on-demand' && !targetServerInfo.client) {
+        await connectOnDemandServer(targetServerInfo);
+      }
+
      const client = targetServerInfo.client;
      if (!client) {
        throw new Error(`Client not found for server: ${targetServerInfo.name}`);
@@ -1263,17 +1537,23 @@ export const handleCallToolRequest = async (request: any, extra: any) => {
      const separator = getNameSeparator();
      const prefix = `${targetServerInfo.name}${separator}`;
      toolName = toolName.startsWith(prefix) ? toolName.substring(prefix.length) : toolName;
-      const result = await callToolWithReconnect(
-        targetServerInfo,
-        {
-          name: toolName,
-          arguments: finalArgs,
-        },
-        targetServerInfo.options || {},
-      );
+      
+      try {
+        const result = await callToolWithReconnect(
+          targetServerInfo,
+          {
+            name: toolName,
+            arguments: finalArgs,
+          },
+          targetServerInfo.options || {},
+        );

-      console.log(`Tool invocation result: ${JSON.stringify(result)}`);
-      return result;
+        console.log(`Tool invocation result: ${JSON.stringify(result)}`);
+        return result;
+      } finally {
+        // Disconnect on-demand server after tool call
+        disconnectOnDemandServer(targetServerInfo);
+      }
    }

    // Regular tool handling
@@ -1343,6 +1623,11 @@ export const handleCallToolRequest = async (request: any, extra: any) => {
    }

    // Handle MCP servers
+    // Connect on-demand server if needed
+    if (serverInfo.connectionMode === 'on-demand' && !serverInfo.client) {
+      await connectOnDemandServer(serverInfo);
+    }
+
    const client = serverInfo.client;
    if (!client) {
      throw new Error(`Client not found for server: ${serverInfo.name}`);
@@ -1353,13 +1638,19 @@ export const handleCallToolRequest = async (request: any, extra: any) => {
    request.params.name = request.params.name.startsWith(prefix)
      ? request.params.name.substring(prefix.length)
      : request.params.name;
-    const result = await callToolWithReconnect(
-      serverInfo,
-      request.params,
-      serverInfo.options || {},
-    );
-    console.log(`Tool call result: ${JSON.stringify(result)}`);
-    return result;
+    
+    try {
+      const result = await callToolWithReconnect(
+        serverInfo,
+        request.params,
+        serverInfo.options || {},
+      );
+      console.log(`Tool call result: ${JSON.stringify(result)}`);
+      return result;
+    } finally {
+      // Disconnect on-demand server after tool call
+      disconnectOnDemandServer(serverInfo);
+    }
  } catch (error) {
    console.error(`Error handling CallToolRequest: ${error}`);
    return {
--- a/src/services/openApiGeneratorService.ts
+++ b/src/services/openApiGeneratorService.ts
@@ -225,13 +225,22 @@ export async function generateOpenAPISpec(

  // Generate paths from tools
  const paths: OpenAPIV3.PathsObject = {};
+  const separator = getNameSeparator();

  for (const { tool, serverName } of allTools) {
    const operation = generateOperationFromTool(tool, serverName);
    const { requestBody } = convertToolSchemaToOpenAPI(tool);

-    // Create path for the tool
-    const pathName = `/tools/${serverName}/${tool.name}`;
+    // Extract the tool name without server prefix
+    // Tool names are in format: serverName + separator + toolName
+    const prefix = `${serverName}${separator}`;
+    const toolNameOnly = tool.name.startsWith(prefix)
+      ? tool.name.substring(prefix.length)
+      : tool.name;
+
+    // Create path for the tool with URL-encoded server and tool names
+    // This handles cases where names contain slashes (e.g., "com.atlassian/atlassian-mcp-server")
+    const pathName = `/tools/${encodeURIComponent(serverName)}/${encodeURIComponent(toolNameOnly)}`;
    const method = requestBody ? 'post' : 'get';

    if (!paths[pathName]) {
--- a/src/types/index.ts
+++ b/src/types/index.ts
@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ export interface ServerConfig {
  enabled?: boolean; // Flag to enable/disable the server
  owner?: string; // Owner of the server, defaults to 'admin' user
  keepAliveInterval?: number; // Keep-alive ping interval in milliseconds (default: 60000ms for SSE servers)
+  connectionMode?: 'persistent' | 'on-demand'; // Connection strategy: 'persistent' maintains long-running connections (default), 'on-demand' connects only when tools are called
  tools?: Record<string, { enabled: boolean; description?: string }>; // Tool-specific configurations with enable/disable state and custom descriptions
  prompts?: Record<string, { enabled: boolean; description?: string }>; // Prompt-specific configurations with enable/disable state and custom descriptions
  options?: Partial<Pick<RequestOptions, 'timeout' | 'resetTimeoutOnProgress' | 'maxTotalTimeout'>>; // MCP request options configuration
@@ -312,6 +313,7 @@ export interface ServerInfo {
  options?: RequestOptions; // Options for requests
  createTime: number; // Timestamp of when the server was created
  enabled?: boolean; // Flag to indicate if the server is enabled
+  connectionMode?: 'persistent' | 'on-demand'; // Connection strategy for this server
  keepAliveIntervalId?: NodeJS.Timeout; // Timer ID for keep-alive ping interval
  config?: ServerConfig; // Reference to the original server configuration for OpenAPI passthrough headers
  oauth?: {
--- a/src/utils/parameterConversion.ts
+++ b/src/utils/parameterConversion.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/**
+ * Utility functions for converting parameter types based on JSON schema definitions
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Convert parameters to their proper types based on the tool's input schema
+ * This ensures that form-submitted string values are converted to the correct types
+ * (e.g., numbers, booleans, arrays) before being passed to MCP tools.
+ *
+ * @param params - The parameters to convert (typically from form submission)
+ * @param inputSchema - The JSON schema definition for the tool's input
+ * @returns The converted parameters with proper types
+ */
+export function convertParametersToTypes(
+  params: Record<string, any>,
+  inputSchema: Record<string, any>,
+): Record<string, any> {
+  if (!inputSchema || typeof inputSchema !== 'object' || !inputSchema.properties) {
+    return params;
+  }
+
+  const convertedParams: Record<string, any> = {};
+  const properties = inputSchema.properties;
+
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(params)) {
+    const propDef = properties[key];
+    if (!propDef || typeof propDef !== 'object') {
+      // No schema definition found, keep as is
+      convertedParams[key] = value;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    const propType = propDef.type;
+
+    try {
+      switch (propType) {
+        case 'integer':
+        case 'number':
+          // Convert string to number
+          if (typeof value === 'string') {
+            const numValue = propType === 'integer' ? parseInt(value, 10) : parseFloat(value);
+            convertedParams[key] = isNaN(numValue) ? value : numValue;
+          } else {
+            convertedParams[key] = value;
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case 'boolean':
+          // Convert string to boolean
+          if (typeof value === 'string') {
+            convertedParams[key] = value.toLowerCase() === 'true' || value === '1';
+          } else {
+            convertedParams[key] = value;
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case 'array':
+          // Handle array conversion if needed (e.g., comma-separated strings)
+          if (typeof value === 'string' && value.includes(',')) {
+            convertedParams[key] = value.split(',').map((item) => item.trim());
+          } else {
+            convertedParams[key] = value;
+          }
+          break;
+
+        case 'object':
+          // Handle object conversion if needed
+          if (typeof value === 'string') {
+            try {
+              convertedParams[key] = JSON.parse(value);
+            } catch {
+              // If parsing fails, keep as is
+              convertedParams[key] = value;
+            }
+          } else {
+            convertedParams[key] = value;
+          }
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          // For string and other types, keep as is
+          convertedParams[key] = value;
+          break;
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      // If conversion fails, keep the original value
+      console.warn(`Failed to convert parameter '${key}' to type '${propType}':`, error);
+      convertedParams[key] = value;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return convertedParams;
+}
--- a/tests/controllers/openApiController.test.ts
+++ b/tests/controllers/openApiController.test.ts
@@ -1,73 +1,7 @@
-// Simple unit test to validate the type conversion logic
-describe('Parameter Type Conversion Logic', () => {
-  // Extract the conversion function for testing
-  function convertQueryParametersToTypes(
-    queryParams: Record<string, any>,
-    inputSchema: Record<string, any>
-  ): Record<string, any> {
-    if (!inputSchema || typeof inputSchema !== 'object' || !inputSchema.properties) {
-      return queryParams;
-    }
-
-    const convertedParams: Record<string, any> = {};
-    const properties = inputSchema.properties;
-
-    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(queryParams)) {
-      const propDef = properties[key];
-      if (!propDef || typeof propDef !== 'object') {
-        // No schema definition found, keep as is
-        convertedParams[key] = value;
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      const propType = propDef.type;
-      
-      try {
-        switch (propType) {
-          case 'integer':
-          case 'number':
-            // Convert string to number
-            if (typeof value === 'string') {
-              const numValue = propType === 'integer' ? parseInt(value, 10) : parseFloat(value);
-              convertedParams[key] = isNaN(numValue) ? value : numValue;
-            } else {
-              convertedParams[key] = value;
-            }
-            break;
-          
-          case 'boolean':
-            // Convert string to boolean
-            if (typeof value === 'string') {
-              convertedParams[key] = value.toLowerCase() === 'true' || value === '1';
-            } else {
-              convertedParams[key] = value;
-            }
-            break;
-          
-          case 'array':
-            // Handle array conversion if needed (e.g., comma-separated strings)
-            if (typeof value === 'string' && value.includes(',')) {
-              convertedParams[key] = value.split(',').map(item => item.trim());
-            } else {
-              convertedParams[key] = value;
-            }
-            break;
-          
-          default:
-            // For string and other types, keep as is
-            convertedParams[key] = value;
-            break;
-        }
-      } catch (error) {
-        // If conversion fails, keep the original value
-        console.warn(`Failed to convert parameter '${key}' to type '${propType}':`, error);
-        convertedParams[key] = value;
-      }
-    }
-
-    return convertedParams;
-  }
+import { convertParametersToTypes } from '../../src/utils/parameterConversion.js';

+// Integration tests for OpenAPI controller's parameter type conversion
+describe('OpenAPI Controller - Parameter Type Conversion Integration', () => {
  test('should convert integer parameters correctly', () => {
    const queryParams = {
      limit: '5',
@@ -84,7 +18,7 @@ describe('Parameter Type Conversion Logic', () => {
      }
    };

-    const result = convertQueryParametersToTypes(queryParams, inputSchema);
+    const result = convertParametersToTypes(queryParams, inputSchema);

    expect(result).toEqual({
      limit: 5,       // Converted to integer
@@ -107,7 +41,7 @@ describe('Parameter Type Conversion Logic', () => {
      }
    };

-    const result = convertQueryParametersToTypes(queryParams, inputSchema);
+    const result = convertParametersToTypes(queryParams, inputSchema);

    expect(result).toEqual({
      price: 19.99,
@@ -133,7 +67,7 @@ describe('Parameter Type Conversion Logic', () => {
      }
    };

-    const result = convertQueryParametersToTypes(queryParams, inputSchema);
+    const result = convertParametersToTypes(queryParams, inputSchema);

    expect(result).toEqual({
      enabled: true,
@@ -157,7 +91,7 @@ describe('Parameter Type Conversion Logic', () => {
      }
    };

-    const result = convertQueryParametersToTypes(queryParams, inputSchema);
+    const result = convertParametersToTypes(queryParams, inputSchema);

    expect(result).toEqual({
      tags: ['tag1', 'tag2', 'tag3'],
@@ -171,7 +105,7 @@ describe('Parameter Type Conversion Logic', () => {
      name: 'test'
    };

-    const result = convertQueryParametersToTypes(queryParams, {});
+    const result = convertParametersToTypes(queryParams, {});

    expect(result).toEqual({
      limit: '5',     // Should remain as string
@@ -192,7 +126,7 @@ describe('Parameter Type Conversion Logic', () => {
      }
    };

-    const result = convertQueryParametersToTypes(queryParams, inputSchema);
+    const result = convertParametersToTypes(queryParams, inputSchema);

    expect(result).toEqual({
      limit: 5,                     // Converted based on schema
@@ -214,7 +148,7 @@ describe('Parameter Type Conversion Logic', () => {
      }
    };

-    const result = convertQueryParametersToTypes(queryParams, inputSchema);
+    const result = convertParametersToTypes(queryParams, inputSchema);

    expect(result).toEqual({
      limit: 'not-a-number',  // Should remain as string when conversion fails
@@ -299,4 +233,16 @@ describe('OpenAPI Granular Endpoints', () => {
    const group = mockGetGroupByIdOrName('nonexistent');
    expect(group).toBeNull();
  });
+
+  test('should decode URL-encoded server and tool names with slashes', () => {
+    // Test that URL-encoded names with slashes are properly decoded
+    const encodedServerName = 'com.atlassian%2Fatlassian-mcp-server';
+    const encodedToolName = 'atlassianUserInfo';
+
+    const decodedServerName = decodeURIComponent(encodedServerName);
+    const decodedToolName = decodeURIComponent(encodedToolName);
+
+    expect(decodedServerName).toBe('com.atlassian/atlassian-mcp-server');
+    expect(decodedToolName).toBe('atlassianUserInfo');
+  });
 });
--- a/tests/integration/server-smart-routing.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/server-smart-routing.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, jest } from '@jest/globals';
+import request from 'supertest';
+
+const handleSseConnectionMock = jest.fn();
+const handleSseMessageMock = jest.fn();
+const handleMcpPostRequestMock = jest.fn();
+const handleMcpOtherRequestMock = jest.fn();
+const sseUserContextMiddlewareMock = jest.fn((_req, _res, next) => next());
+
+jest.mock('../../src/utils/i18n.js', () => ({
+  __esModule: true,
+  initI18n: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../src/models/User.js', () => ({
+  __esModule: true,
+  initializeDefaultUser: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../src/services/oauthService.js', () => ({
+  __esModule: true,
+  initOAuthProvider: jest.fn(),
+  getOAuthRouter: jest.fn(() => null),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../src/middlewares/index.js', () => ({
+  __esModule: true,
+  initMiddlewares: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../src/routes/index.js', () => ({
+  __esModule: true,
+  initRoutes: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../src/services/mcpService.js', () => ({
+  __esModule: true,
+  initUpstreamServers: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
+  connected: jest.fn().mockReturnValue(true),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../src/services/sseService.js', () => ({
+  __esModule: true,
+  handleSseConnection: handleSseConnectionMock,
+  handleSseMessage: handleSseMessageMock,
+  handleMcpPostRequest: handleMcpPostRequestMock,
+  handleMcpOtherRequest: handleMcpOtherRequestMock,
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../src/middlewares/userContext.js', () => ({
+  __esModule: true,
+  userContextMiddleware: jest.fn((_req, _res, next) => next()),
+  sseUserContextMiddleware: sseUserContextMiddlewareMock,
+}));
+
+import { AppServer } from '../../src/server.js';
+
+const flushPromises = async () => {
+  await new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+};
+
+describe('AppServer smart routing group paths', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+    handleMcpPostRequestMock.mockImplementation(async (_req, res) => {
+      res.status(204).send();
+    });
+    sseUserContextMiddlewareMock.mockImplementation((_req, _res, next) => next());
+  });
+
+  const createApp = async () => {
+    const appServer = new AppServer();
+    await appServer.initialize();
+    await flushPromises();
+    return appServer.getApp();
+  };
+
+  it('routes global MCP requests with nested smart group segments', async () => {
+    const app = await createApp();
+
+    await request(app).post('/mcp/$smart/test-group').send({}).expect(204);
+
+    expect(handleMcpPostRequestMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    const [req] = handleMcpPostRequestMock.mock.calls[0];
+    expect(req.params.group).toBe('$smart/test-group');
+  });
+
+  it('routes user-scoped MCP requests with nested smart group segments', async () => {
+    const app = await createApp();
+
+    await request(app).post('/alice/mcp/$smart/staging').send({}).expect(204);
+
+    expect(handleMcpPostRequestMock).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    const [req] = handleMcpPostRequestMock.mock.calls[0];
+    expect(req.params.group).toBe('$smart/staging');
+    expect(req.params.user).toBe('alice');
+  });
+});
--- a/tests/services/mcpService-on-demand.test.ts
+++ b/tests/services/mcpService-on-demand.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, jest, beforeEach, afterEach } from '@jest/globals';
+
+// Mock dependencies before importing mcpService
+jest.mock('../../src/services/oauthService.js', () => ({
+  initializeAllOAuthClients: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../src/services/oauthClientRegistration.js', () => ({
+  registerOAuthClient: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../src/services/mcpOAuthProvider.js', () => ({
+  createOAuthProvider: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../src/services/groupService.js', () => ({
+  getServersInGroup: jest.fn(),
+  getServerConfigInGroup: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../src/services/sseService.js', () => ({
+  getGroup: jest.fn(),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../src/services/vectorSearchService.js', () => ({
+  saveToolsAsVectorEmbeddings: jest.fn(),
+  searchToolsByVector: jest.fn(() => Promise.resolve([])),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../src/services/services.js', () => ({
+  getDataService: jest.fn(() => ({
+    filterData: (data: any) => data,
+  })),
+}));
+
+jest.mock('../../src/config/index.js', () => ({
+  default: {
+    mcpHubName: 'test-hub',
+    mcpHubVersion: '1.0.0',
+    initTimeout: 60000,
+  },
+  loadSettings: jest.fn(() => ({})),
+  expandEnvVars: jest.fn((val: string) => val),
+  replaceEnvVars: jest.fn((obj: any) => obj),
+  getNameSeparator: jest.fn(() => '-'),
+}));
+
+// Mock Client
+const mockClient = {
+  connect: jest.fn(),
+  close: jest.fn(),
+  listTools: jest.fn(),
+  listPrompts: jest.fn(),
+  getServerCapabilities: jest.fn(() => ({
+    tools: {},
+    prompts: {},
+  })),
+  callTool: jest.fn(),
+};
+
+jest.mock('@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/client/index.js', () => ({
+  Client: jest.fn(() => mockClient),
+}));
+
+// Mock StdioClientTransport
+const mockTransport = {
+  close: jest.fn(),
+  stderr: null,
+};
+
+jest.mock('@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/client/stdio.js', () => ({
+  StdioClientTransport: jest.fn(() => mockTransport),
+}));
+
+// Mock DAO
+const mockServerDao = {
+  findAll: jest.fn(),
+  findById: jest.fn(),
+  create: jest.fn(),
+  update: jest.fn(),
+  delete: jest.fn(),
+  exists: jest.fn(),
+  setEnabled: jest.fn(),
+};
+
+jest.mock('../../src/dao/index.js', () => ({
+  getServerDao: jest.fn(() => mockServerDao),
+}));
+
+import { initializeClientsFromSettings, handleCallToolRequest } from '../../src/services/mcpService.js';
+
+describe('On-Demand MCP Server Connection Mode', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    jest.clearAllMocks();
+    mockClient.connect.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+    mockClient.close.mockReturnValue(undefined);
+    mockClient.listTools.mockResolvedValue({
+      tools: [
+        {
+          name: 'test-tool',
+          description: 'Test tool',
+          inputSchema: { type: 'object' },
+        },
+      ],
+    });
+    mockClient.listPrompts.mockResolvedValue({
+      prompts: [],
+    });
+    mockClient.callTool.mockResolvedValue({
+      content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Success' }],
+    });
+    mockTransport.close.mockReturnValue(undefined);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    jest.restoreAllMocks();
+  });
+
+  describe('Server Initialization', () => {
+    it('should not maintain persistent connection for on-demand servers', async () => {
+      mockServerDao.findAll.mockResolvedValue([
+        {
+          name: 'on-demand-server',
+          command: 'node',
+          args: ['test.js'],
+          connectionMode: 'on-demand',
+          enabled: true,
+        },
+      ]);
+
+      const serverInfos = await initializeClientsFromSettings(true);
+
+      expect(serverInfos).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(serverInfos[0].name).toBe('on-demand-server');
+      expect(serverInfos[0].connectionMode).toBe('on-demand');
+      expect(serverInfos[0].status).toBe('disconnected');
+      // Should connect once to get tools, then disconnect
+      expect(mockClient.connect).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(mockTransport.close).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should load tools during initialization for on-demand servers', async () => {
+      mockServerDao.findAll.mockResolvedValue([
+        {
+          name: 'on-demand-server',
+          command: 'node',
+          args: ['test.js'],
+          connectionMode: 'on-demand',
+          enabled: true,
+        },
+      ]);
+
+      const serverInfos = await initializeClientsFromSettings(true);
+
+      expect(serverInfos[0].tools).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(serverInfos[0].tools[0].name).toBe('on-demand-server-test-tool');
+      expect(mockClient.listTools).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should maintain persistent connection for default connection mode', async () => {
+      mockServerDao.findAll.mockResolvedValue([
+        {
+          name: 'persistent-server',
+          command: 'node',
+          args: ['test.js'],
+          enabled: true,
+        },
+      ]);
+
+      const serverInfos = await initializeClientsFromSettings(true);
+
+      expect(serverInfos).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(serverInfos[0].connectionMode).toBe('persistent');
+      expect(mockClient.connect).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      // Should not disconnect immediately
+      expect(mockTransport.close).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    it('should handle initialization errors for on-demand servers gracefully', async () => {
+      mockClient.connect.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Connection failed'));
+      mockServerDao.findAll.mockResolvedValue([
+        {
+          name: 'failing-server',
+          command: 'node',
+          args: ['test.js'],
+          connectionMode: 'on-demand',
+          enabled: true,
+        },
+      ]);
+
+      const serverInfos = await initializeClientsFromSettings(true);
+
+      expect(serverInfos).toHaveLength(1);
+      expect(serverInfos[0].status).toBe('disconnected');
+      expect(serverInfos[0].error).toContain('Failed to initialize');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Tool Invocation with On-Demand Servers', () => {
+    beforeEach(async () => {
+      // Set up server infos with an on-demand server that's disconnected
+      mockServerDao.findAll.mockResolvedValue([
+        {
+          name: 'on-demand-server',
+          command: 'node',
+          args: ['test.js'],
+          connectionMode: 'on-demand',
+          enabled: true,
+        },
+      ]);
+
+      // Initialize to get the server set up
+      await initializeClientsFromSettings(true);
+      
+      // Clear mocks after initialization
+      jest.clearAllMocks();
+      
+      // Reset mock implementations
+      mockClient.connect.mockResolvedValue(undefined);
+      mockClient.listTools.mockResolvedValue({
+        tools: [
+          {
+            name: 'test-tool',
+            description: 'Test tool',
+            inputSchema: { type: 'object' },
+          },
+        ],
+      });
+      mockClient.callTool.mockResolvedValue({
+        content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Success' }],
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should connect on-demand server before tool invocation', async () => {
+      const request = {
+        params: {
+          name: 'on-demand-server-test-tool',
+          arguments: { arg1: 'value1' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      await handleCallToolRequest(request, {});
+
+      // Should connect before calling the tool
+      expect(mockClient.connect).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(mockClient.callTool).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        {
+          name: 'test-tool',
+          arguments: { arg1: 'value1' },
+        },
+        undefined,
+        expect.any(Object),
+      );
+    });
+
+    it('should disconnect on-demand server after tool invocation', async () => {
+      const request = {
+        params: {
+          name: 'on-demand-server-test-tool',
+          arguments: {},
+        },
+      };
+
+      await handleCallToolRequest(request, {});
+
+      // Should disconnect after calling the tool
+      expect(mockTransport.close).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(mockClient.close).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should disconnect on-demand server even if tool invocation fails', async () => {
+      mockClient.callTool.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('Tool execution failed'));
+
+      const request = {
+        params: {
+          name: 'on-demand-server-test-tool',
+          arguments: {},
+        },
+      };
+
+      try {
+        await handleCallToolRequest(request, {});
+      } catch (error) {
+        // Expected to fail
+      }
+
+      // Should still disconnect after error
+      expect(mockTransport.close).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(mockClient.close).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    });
+
+    it('should return error for call_tool if server not found', async () => {
+      const request = {
+        params: {
+          name: 'call_tool',
+          arguments: {
+            toolName: 'nonexistent-server-tool',
+            arguments: {},
+          },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = await handleCallToolRequest(request, {});
+
+      expect(result.isError).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.content[0].text).toContain('No available servers found');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('Mixed Server Modes', () => {
+    it('should handle both persistent and on-demand servers together', async () => {
+      mockServerDao.findAll.mockResolvedValue([
+        {
+          name: 'persistent-server',
+          command: 'node',
+          args: ['persistent.js'],
+          enabled: true,
+        },
+        {
+          name: 'on-demand-server',
+          command: 'node',
+          args: ['on-demand.js'],
+          connectionMode: 'on-demand',
+          enabled: true,
+        },
+      ]);
+
+      const serverInfos = await initializeClientsFromSettings(true);
+
+      expect(serverInfos).toHaveLength(2);
+      
+      const persistentServer = serverInfos.find(s => s.name === 'persistent-server');
+      const onDemandServer = serverInfos.find(s => s.name === 'on-demand-server');
+
+      expect(persistentServer?.connectionMode).toBe('persistent');
+      expect(onDemandServer?.connectionMode).toBe('on-demand');
+      expect(onDemandServer?.status).toBe('disconnected');
+    });
+  });
+});
--- a/tests/services/openApiGeneratorService.test.ts
+++ b/tests/services/openApiGeneratorService.test.ts
@@ -65,6 +65,27 @@ describe('OpenAPI Generator Service', () => {
      expect(spec).toHaveProperty('paths');
      expect(typeof spec.paths).toBe('object');
    });
+
+    it('should URL-encode server and tool names with slashes in paths', async () => {
+      const spec = await generateOpenAPISpec();
+
+      // Check if any paths contain URL-encoded values
+      // Paths with slashes in server/tool names should be encoded
+      const paths = Object.keys(spec.paths);
+
+      // If there are any servers with slashes, verify encoding
+      // e.g., "com.atlassian/atlassian-mcp-server" should become "com.atlassian%2Fatlassian-mcp-server"
+      for (const path of paths) {
+        // Path should not have unencoded slashes in the middle segments
+        // Valid format: /tools/{encoded-server}/{encoded-tool}
+        const pathSegments = path.split('/').filter((s) => s.length > 0);
+        if (pathSegments[0] === 'tools' && pathSegments.length >= 3) {
+          // The server name (segment 1) and tool name (segment 2+) should not create extra segments
+          // If properly encoded, there should be exactly 3 segments: ['tools', serverName, toolName]
+          expect(pathSegments.length).toBe(3);
+        }
+      }
+    });
  });

  describe('getToolStats', () => {
--- a/tests/utils/parameterConversion.test.ts
+++ b/tests/utils/parameterConversion.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+import { convertParametersToTypes } from '../../src/utils/parameterConversion.js';
+
+describe('Parameter Conversion Utilities', () => {
+  describe('convertParametersToTypes', () => {
+    it('should convert string to number when schema type is number', () => {
+      const params = { count: '42' };
+      const schema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          count: { type: 'number' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      expect(result.count).toBe(42);
+      expect(typeof result.count).toBe('number');
+    });
+
+    it('should convert string to integer when schema type is integer', () => {
+      const params = { age: '25' };
+      const schema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          age: { type: 'integer' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      expect(result.age).toBe(25);
+      expect(typeof result.age).toBe('number');
+      expect(Number.isInteger(result.age)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should convert string to boolean when schema type is boolean', () => {
+      const params = { enabled: 'true', disabled: 'false', flag: '1' };
+      const schema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          enabled: { type: 'boolean' },
+          disabled: { type: 'boolean' },
+          flag: { type: 'boolean' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      expect(result.enabled).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.disabled).toBe(false);
+      expect(result.flag).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('should convert comma-separated string to array when schema type is array', () => {
+      const params = { tags: 'one,two,three' };
+      const schema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          tags: { type: 'array' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      expect(Array.isArray(result.tags)).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.tags).toEqual(['one', 'two', 'three']);
+    });
+
+    it('should parse JSON string to object when schema type is object', () => {
+      const params = { config: '{"key": "value", "nested": {"prop": 123}}' };
+      const schema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          config: { type: 'object' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      expect(typeof result.config).toBe('object');
+      expect(result.config).toEqual({ key: 'value', nested: { prop: 123 } });
+    });
+
+    it('should keep values unchanged when they already have the correct type', () => {
+      const params = { count: 42, enabled: true, tags: ['a', 'b'] };
+      const schema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          count: { type: 'number' },
+          enabled: { type: 'boolean' },
+          tags: { type: 'array' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      expect(result.count).toBe(42);
+      expect(result.enabled).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.tags).toEqual(['a', 'b']);
+    });
+
+    it('should keep string values unchanged when schema type is string', () => {
+      const params = { name: 'John Doe' };
+      const schema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          name: { type: 'string' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      expect(result.name).toBe('John Doe');
+      expect(typeof result.name).toBe('string');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle parameters without schema definition', () => {
+      const params = { unknown: 'value' };
+      const schema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          known: { type: 'string' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      expect(result.unknown).toBe('value');
+    });
+
+    it('should return original params when schema has no properties', () => {
+      const params = { key: 'value' };
+      const schema = { type: 'object' };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      expect(result).toEqual(params);
+    });
+
+    it('should return original params when schema is null or undefined', () => {
+      const params = { key: 'value' };
+
+      const resultNull = convertParametersToTypes(params, null as any);
+      const resultUndefined = convertParametersToTypes(params, undefined as any);
+
+      expect(resultNull).toEqual(params);
+      expect(resultUndefined).toEqual(params);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle invalid number conversion gracefully', () => {
+      const params = { count: 'not-a-number' };
+      const schema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          count: { type: 'number' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      // When conversion fails, it should keep original value
+      expect(result.count).toBe('not-a-number');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle invalid JSON string for object gracefully', () => {
+      const params = { config: '{invalid json}' };
+      const schema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          config: { type: 'object' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      // When JSON parsing fails, it should keep original value
+      expect(result.config).toBe('{invalid json}');
+    });
+
+    it('should handle mixed parameter types correctly', () => {
+      const params = {
+        name: 'Test',
+        count: '10',
+        price: '19.99',
+        enabled: 'true',
+        tags: 'tag1,tag2',
+        config: '{"nested": true}',
+      };
+      const schema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          name: { type: 'string' },
+          count: { type: 'integer' },
+          price: { type: 'number' },
+          enabled: { type: 'boolean' },
+          tags: { type: 'array' },
+          config: { type: 'object' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      expect(result.name).toBe('Test');
+      expect(result.count).toBe(10);
+      expect(result.price).toBe(19.99);
+      expect(result.enabled).toBe(true);
+      expect(result.tags).toEqual(['tag1', 'tag2']);
+      expect(result.config).toEqual({ nested: true });
+    });
+
+    it('should handle empty string values', () => {
+      const params = { name: '', count: '', enabled: '' };
+      const schema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          name: { type: 'string' },
+          count: { type: 'number' },
+          enabled: { type: 'boolean' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      expect(result.name).toBe('');
+      // Empty string should remain as empty string for number (NaN check keeps original)
+      expect(result.count).toBe('');
+      // Empty string converts to false for boolean
+      expect(result.enabled).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle array that is already an array', () => {
+      const params = { tags: ['existing', 'array'] };
+      const schema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          tags: { type: 'array' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      expect(result.tags).toEqual(['existing', 'array']);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle object that is already an object', () => {
+      const params = { config: { key: 'value' } };
+      const schema = {
+        type: 'object',
+        properties: {
+          config: { type: 'object' },
+        },
+      };
+
+      const result = convertParametersToTypes(params, schema);
+
+      expect(result.config).toEqual({ key: 'value' });
+    });
+  });
+});
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
copilot-swe-agent[bot]	3a9ea9bc4b	Address code review feedback - improve error handling and add clarifying comments Co-authored-by: samanhappy <2755122+samanhappy@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-10-31 15:25:04 +00:00
copilot-swe-agent[bot]	3acdd99664	Add example configuration file and fix linting issue Co-authored-by: samanhappy <2755122+samanhappy@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-10-31 15:22:11 +00:00
copilot-swe-agent[bot]	4ac875860c	Add comprehensive tests and documentation for on-demand connection mode Co-authored-by: samanhappy <2755122+samanhappy@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-10-31 15:19:04 +00:00
copilot-swe-agent[bot]	7b9e9da7bc	Add connectionMode support for ephemeral (on-demand) MCP servers Co-authored-by: samanhappy <2755122+samanhappy@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-10-31 15:15:12 +00:00
copilot-swe-agent[bot]	cd7e2a23a3	Initial plan	2025-10-31 15:00:55 +00:00
samanhappy	44e0309fd4	Feat: Enhance package cache for stdio servers (#400 )	2025-10-31 21:56:43 +08:00
Copilot	7e570a900a	Fix: Convert form parameters to schema-defined types before MCP tool calls (#397 ) Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: samanhappy <2755122+samanhappy@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-10-29 18:41:23 +08:00
Copilot	6268a02c0e	Fix URL routing for MCP servers with slashes in names (#396 ) Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: samanhappy <2755122+samanhappy@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-10-29 18:37:24 +08:00
samanhappy	695d663939	Fix display for null server author (#398 )	2025-10-29 14:44:09 +08:00
samanhappy	d595e5d874	Fix support for nested smart group segments in MCP routing (#394 )	2025-10-28 17:51:58 +08:00