fix(webpush): improve iOS push subscription endpoint cleanup (#2140)

server/entity/UserPushSubscription.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 import { DbAwareColumn } from '@server/utils/DbColumnHelper';
-import { Column, Entity, ManyToOne, PrimaryGeneratedColumn } from 'typeorm';
+import {
+  Column,
+  Entity,
+  ManyToOne,
+  PrimaryGeneratedColumn,
+  Unique,
+} from 'typeorm';
 import { User } from './User';
 
 @Entity()
+@Unique(['endpoint', 'user'])
 export class UserPushSubscription {
   @PrimaryGeneratedColumn()
   public id: number;

server/lib/notifications/agents/webpush.ts

@@ -24,6 +24,15 @@ interface PushNotificationPayload {
   isAdmin?: boolean;
 }
 
+interface WebPushError extends Error {
+  statusCode?: number;
+  status?: number;
+  body?: string | unknown;
+  response?: {
+    body?: string | unknown;
+  };
+}
+
 class WebPushAgent
   extends BaseAgent<NotificationAgentConfig>
   implements NotificationAgent
@@ -188,19 +197,30 @@ class WebPushAgent
           notificationPayload
         );
       } catch (e) {
+        const webPushError = e as WebPushError;
+        const statusCode = webPushError.statusCode || webPushError.status;
+        const errorMessage = webPushError.message || String(e);
+
+        // RFC 8030: 410/404 are permanent failures, others are transient
+        const isPermanentFailure = statusCode === 410 || statusCode === 404;
+
         logger.error(
-          'Error sending web push notification; removing subscription',
+          isPermanentFailure
+            ? 'Error sending web push notification; removing invalid subscription'
+            : 'Error sending web push notification (transient error, keeping subscription)',
           {
             label: 'Notifications',
             recipient: pushSub.user.displayName,
             type: Notification[type],
             subject: payload.subject,
-            errorMessage: e.message,
+            errorMessage,
+            statusCode: statusCode || 'unknown',
           }
         );
 
-        // Failed to send notification so we need to remove the subscription
+        if (isPermanentFailure) {
-        userPushSubRepository.remove(pushSub);
+          await userPushSubRepository.remove(pushSub);
+        }
       }
     };
 

server/migration/postgres/1765233385034-AddUniqueConstraintToPushSubscription.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+import type { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
+
+export class AddUniqueConstraintToPushSubscription1765233385034
+  implements MigrationInterface
+{
+  name = 'AddUniqueConstraintToPushSubscription1765233385034';
+
+  public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      `ALTER TABLE "user_push_subscription" ADD CONSTRAINT "UQ_6427d07d9a171a3a1ab87480005" UNIQUE ("endpoint", "userId")`
+    );
+  }
+
+  public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      `ALTER TABLE "user_push_subscription" DROP CONSTRAINT "UQ_6427d07d9a171a3a1ab87480005"`
+    );
+  }
+}

server/migration/sqlite/1765233385034-AddUniqueConstraintToPushSubscription.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import type { MigrationInterface, QueryRunner } from 'typeorm';
+
+export class AddUniqueConstraintToPushSubscription1765233385034
+  implements MigrationInterface
+{
+  name = 'AddUniqueConstraintToPushSubscription1765233385034';
+
+  public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(
+      `CREATE UNIQUE INDEX "UQ_6427d07d9a171a3a1ab87480005" ON "user_push_subscription" ("endpoint", "userId")`
+    );
+  }
+
+  public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<void> {
+    await queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX "UQ_6427d07d9a171a3a1ab87480005"`);
+  }
+}

server/routes/user/index.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import TautulliAPI from '@server/api/tautulli';
 import { MediaType } from '@server/constants/media';
 import { MediaServerType } from '@server/constants/server';
 import { UserType } from '@server/constants/user';
-import { getRepository } from '@server/datasource';
+import dataSource, { getRepository } from '@server/datasource';
 import Media from '@server/entity/Media';
 import { MediaRequest } from '@server/entity/MediaRequest';
 import { User } from '@server/entity/User';
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ import { getHostname } from '@server/utils/getHostname';
 import { Router } from 'express';
 import gravatarUrl from 'gravatar-url';
 import { findIndex, sortBy } from 'lodash';
-import { In } from 'typeorm';
+import type { EntityManager } from 'typeorm';
+import { In, Not } from 'typeorm';
 import userSettingsRoutes from './usersettings';
 
 const router = Router();
@@ -188,30 +189,82 @@ router.post<
   }
 >('/registerPushSubscription', async (req, res, next) => {
   try {
-    const userPushSubRepository = getRepository(UserPushSubscription);
+    // This prevents race conditions where two requests both pass the checks
+    await dataSource.transaction(
+      async (transactionalEntityManager: EntityManager) => {
+        const transactionalRepo =
+          transactionalEntityManager.getRepository(UserPushSubscription);
 
-    const existingSubs = await userPushSubRepository.find({
+        // Check for existing subscription by auth or endpoint within transaction
-      relations: { user: true },
+        const existingSubscription = await transactionalRepo.findOne({
-      where: { auth: req.body.auth, user: { id: req.user?.id } },
+          relations: { user: true },
-    });
+          where: [
+            { auth: req.body.auth, user: { id: req.user?.id } },
+            { endpoint: req.body.endpoint, user: { id: req.user?.id } },
+          ],
+        });
 
-    if (existingSubs.length > 0) {
+        if (existingSubscription) {
-      logger.debug(
+          // If endpoint matches but auth is different, update with new keys (iOS refresh case)
-        'User push subscription already exists. Skipping registration.',
+          if (
-        { label: 'API' }
+            existingSubscription.endpoint === req.body.endpoint &&
-      );
+            existingSubscription.auth !== req.body.auth
-      return res.status(204).send();
+          ) {
-    }
+            existingSubscription.auth = req.body.auth;
+            existingSubscription.p256dh = req.body.p256dh;
+            existingSubscription.userAgent = req.body.userAgent;
 
-    const userPushSubscription = new UserPushSubscription({
+            await transactionalRepo.save(existingSubscription);
-      auth: req.body.auth,
-      endpoint: req.body.endpoint,
-      p256dh: req.body.p256dh,
-      userAgent: req.body.userAgent,
-      user: req.user,
-    });
 
-    userPushSubRepository.save(userPushSubscription);
+            logger.debug(
+              'Updated existing push subscription with new keys for same endpoint.',
+              { label: 'API' }
+            );
+            return;
+          }
+
+          logger.debug(
+            'Duplicate subscription detected. Skipping registration.',
+            { label: 'API' }
+          );
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // Clean up old subscriptions from the same device (userAgent) for this user
+        // iOS can silently refresh endpoints, leaving stale subscriptions in the database
+        // Only clean up if we're creating a new subscription (not updating an existing one)
+        if (req.body.userAgent) {
+          const staleSubscriptions = await transactionalRepo.find({
+            relations: { user: true },
+            where: {
+              userAgent: req.body.userAgent,
+              user: { id: req.user?.id },
+              // Only remove subscriptions with different endpoints (stale ones)
+              // Keep subscriptions that might be from different browsers/tabs
+              endpoint: Not(req.body.endpoint),
+            },
+          });
+
+          if (staleSubscriptions.length > 0) {
+            await transactionalRepo.remove(staleSubscriptions);
+            logger.debug(
+              `Removed ${staleSubscriptions.length} stale push subscription(s) from same device.`,
+              { label: 'API' }
+            );
+          }
+        }
+
+        const userPushSubscription = new UserPushSubscription({
+          auth: req.body.auth,
+          endpoint: req.body.endpoint,
+          p256dh: req.body.p256dh,
+          userAgent: req.body.userAgent,
+          user: req.user,
+        });
+
+        await transactionalRepo.save(userPushSubscription);
+      }
+    );
 
     return res.status(204).send();
   } catch (e) {

src/components/UserProfile/UserSettings/UserNotificationSettings/UserNotificationsWebPush/index.tsx

@@ -109,15 +109,28 @@ const UserWebPushSettings = () => {
   // Deletes/disables corresponding push subscription from database
   const disablePushNotifications = async (endpoint?: string) => {
     try {
-      await unsubscribeToPushNotifications(user?.id, endpoint);
+      const unsubscribedEndpoint = await unsubscribeToPushNotifications(
-
+        user?.id,
-      // Delete from backend if endpoint is available
+        endpoint
-      if (subEndpoint) {
+      );
-        await deletePushSubscriptionFromBackend(subEndpoint);
-      }
 
       localStorage.setItem('pushNotificationsEnabled', 'false');
       setWebPushEnabled(false);
+
+      // Only delete the current browser's subscription, not all devices
+      const endpointToDelete = unsubscribedEndpoint || subEndpoint || endpoint;
+      if (endpointToDelete) {
+        try {
+          await axios.delete(
+            `/api/v1/user/${user?.id}/pushSubscription/${encodeURIComponent(
+              endpointToDelete
+            )}`
+          );
+        } catch {
+          // Ignore deletion failures - backend cleanup is best effort
+        }
+      }
+
       addToast(intl.formatMessage(messages.webpushhasbeendisabled), {
         autoDismiss: true,
         appearance: 'success',
@@ -157,7 +170,33 @@ const UserWebPushSettings = () => {
   useEffect(() => {
     const verifyWebPush = async () => {
       const enabled = await verifyPushSubscription(user?.id, currentSettings);
-      setWebPushEnabled(enabled);
+      let isEnabled = enabled;
+
+      if (!enabled && 'serviceWorker' in navigator) {
+        const { subscription } = await getPushSubscription();
+        if (subscription) {
+          isEnabled = true;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!isEnabled && dataDevices && dataDevices.length > 0) {
+        const currentUserAgent = navigator.userAgent;
+        const hasMatchingDevice = dataDevices.some(
+          (device) => device.userAgent === currentUserAgent
+        );
+
+        if (hasMatchingDevice) {
+          isEnabled = true;
+        }
+      }
+
+      setWebPushEnabled(isEnabled);
+      if (localStorage.getItem('pushNotificationsEnabled') === null) {
+        localStorage.setItem(
+          'pushNotificationsEnabled',
+          isEnabled ? 'true' : 'false'
+        );
+      }
     };
 
     if (user?.id) {

src/utils/pushSubscriptionHelpers.ts

@@ -49,13 +49,17 @@ export const verifyPushSubscription = async (
       currentSettings.vapidPublic
     ).toString();
 
+    if (currentServerKey !== expectedServerKey) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
     const endpoint = subscription.endpoint;
 
     const { data } = await axios.get<UserPushSubscription>(
       `/api/v1/user/${userId}/pushSubscription/${encodeURIComponent(endpoint)}`
     );
 
-    return expectedServerKey === currentServerKey && data.endpoint === endpoint;
+    return data.endpoint === endpoint;
   } catch {
     return false;
   }
@@ -65,20 +69,39 @@ export const verifyAndResubscribePushSubscription = async (
   userId: number | undefined,
   currentSettings: PublicSettingsResponse
 ): Promise<boolean> => {
+  if (!userId) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const { subscription } = await getPushSubscription();
   const isValid = await verifyPushSubscription(userId, currentSettings);
 
   if (isValid) {
     return true;
   }
 
+  if (subscription) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
   if (currentSettings.enablePushRegistration) {
     try {
-      // Unsubscribe from the backend to clear the existing push subscription (keys and endpoint)
+      const oldEndpoint = await unsubscribeToPushNotifications(userId);
-      await unsubscribeToPushNotifications(userId);
 
-      // Subscribe again to generate a fresh push subscription with updated keys and endpoint
       await subscribeToPushNotifications(userId, currentSettings);
 
+      if (oldEndpoint) {
+        try {
+          await axios.delete(
+            `/api/v1/user/${userId}/pushSubscription/${encodeURIComponent(
+              oldEndpoint
+            )}`
+          );
+        } catch (error) {
+          // Ignore errors when deleting old endpoint (it might not exist)
+        }
+      }
+
       return true;
     } catch (error) {
       throw new Error(`[SW] Resubscribe failed: ${error.message}`);
@@ -136,24 +159,26 @@ export const subscribeToPushNotifications = async (
 export const unsubscribeToPushNotifications = async (
   userId: number | undefined,
   endpoint?: string
-) => {
+): Promise<string | null> => {
   if (!('serviceWorker' in navigator) || !userId) {
-    return;
+    return null;
   }
 
   try {
     const { subscription } = await getPushSubscription();
 
     if (!subscription) {
-      return false;
+      return null;
     }
 
     const { endpoint: currentEndpoint } = subscription.toJSON();
 
     if (!endpoint || endpoint === currentEndpoint) {
       await subscription.unsubscribe();
-      return true;
+      return currentEndpoint ?? null;
     }
+
+    return null;
   } catch (error) {
     throw new Error(
       `Issue unsubscribing to push notifications: ${error.message}`